2010s

Millennium:	3rd millennium
Centuries:	20th century – 21st century – 22nd century
Decades:	1980s 1990s 2000s – 2010s – 2020s 2030s 2040s
Years:	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

The 2010s, pronounced "twenty-tens",^[1] "two thousand (and) tens", or simply "the tens",^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] is the current decade, which began on January 1, 2010 and will end on December 31, 2019. It is the first decade to completely take place within the 3rd millenium as the previous decade (2000-2009) took place across two different milleniums.

Names of the decade

Among experts and the general public, there is a debate as to how specific years of the 21st century should be pronounced in English.^[6] The primary candidates for naming the decade as a whole are the "twenty-tens", the "tens" and the "two-thousand-and-tens" (or "two-thousand-tens"). Various nicknames for the decade have also been proposed.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

One commentator suggests that since former years such as 1809 and 1909 were commonly pronounced as "eighteen oh-nine" and "nineteen oh-nine", the year 2009 should naturally be pronounced as "twenty oh-nine", and that majority usage of "two thousand (and) X" is a result of Y2K bug terminology, as well as the way "2001" was pronounced in the 1968 film, 2001: A Space Odyssey.^[11]

The Vancouver Olympics, which took place in 2010, were officially referred to by Vancouver 2010 as "the twenty-ten Olympics," despite the United States saying "two thousand ten" in a commercial about them,^[12] plus American television broadcaster NBC's decision to avoid any pronouncement of "2010", instead saying "21st Winter Olympic Games". The London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 has restricted the commercial use of the terms "Two Thousand and Twelve" and "Twenty Twelve", to protect the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics.^[13] According to a recent press release, David Crystal, author of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, has predicted that the change of pronunciation to "twenty X" will occur in 2011, as "twenty eleven", explaining that the way people pronounce years depends on rhythm, rather than logic. Crystal claims that the rhythm or "flow" of "two thousand (and) ten", beats that of "twenty ten", but the flow of "twenty eleven" beats "two thousand (and) eleven".^[14] Alternatively, Ian Brookes, editor-in-chief of Chambers Dictionary, suggests the change will occur in 2013.

The decade is often called the second decade of the 21st century and 3rd millennium.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]

Politics and wars

Wars

The prominent wars of the decade so far include:

International wars

War on Terrorism (2001–present) – refers to several ideological, military, and diplomatic campaigns ostensibly aimed at putting an end to international terrorism by preventing groups defined by the US and its allies as "terrorist" (largely Islamist groups such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah and Hamas) from posing a threat to the US and its allies, and by putting an end to state sponsorship of terrorism. The campaigns were launched by the United States, with support from NATO and other allies, immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks which were carried out by al-Qaeda. Today the term has become mostly associated with US/UK-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

War in Afghanistan (2001–present) – In 2001, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada invaded Afghanistan seeking to oust the Taliban and find Al-Qaeda mastermind Osama bin Laden.
War in Iraq (2003–2010) – On August 18, 2010, the last American combat brigade was moved out of Iraq after more than 7 years of warfare. ^[25]

Arab–Israeli conflict (Early 20th century–present)

Israeli–Palestinian conflict (Early 20th century–present) - an ongoing armed conflict in Israel and the Palestinian territories. The conflict is centered between the state of Israel and the Palestinians. One side is composed mainly of Israel's military forces and the other side is composed mostly of Palestinian militant or paramilitary forces such as Hamas, the Islamic Jihad Movement, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Popular Resistance Committees (which have all been designated by the United States^[26] and European Union,^[27] Israel and many other western countries^[28]^[29] as terrorist organisations). The conflict has escalated since the Second Intifada (September 2000) broke out, a period of intensified Palestinian-Israeli violence which has been taking place until the present day. The Second Intifada has caused thousands of victims on both sides, both among combatants and among civilians.

Civil wars and Guerrilla wars

Mexican Drug War (2006–present) - an armed conflict fought between rival drug cartels and government forces in Mexico. Although Mexican drug cartels, or drug trafficking organizations, have existed for quite some time, they have become more powerful since the demise of Colombia's Cali and Medellín cartels in the 1990s. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illicit drug market in the United States.^[30] Arrests of key cartel leaders, particularly in the Tijuana and Gulf cartels, have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking routes into the United States.^[31]^[32]^[33] Roughly more than 16,851 people in total were killed between December 2006 until November 2009.^[34]

War in North-West Pakistan (2004–present) - an armed conflict between the Pakistani Armed Forces and Islamic militants made up of local tribesmen, the Taliban, and foreign Mujahideen (Holy Warriors). It began in 2004 when tensions rooted in the Pakistani Army's search for al-Qaeda members in Pakistan's mountainous Waziristan area (in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas) escalated into armed resistance by local tribesmen. The violence has displaced 3.44 million civilians^[35] and to more than 7,000 civilians being killed.^[36]

Sa'dah insurgency (2004–2010) - a civil war in the Sa'dah Governorate of Yemen. It began after the Shī‘a Zaidiyyah sect launched an uprising against the Yemeni government. The Yemeni government has accused Iran of directing and financing the insurgency.^[37] Thousands of rebels and civilians have been killed during the conflict.^[38]^[39]

War in Somalia (2009 – present) - involved largely the forces of the Somali Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) assisted by African Union peacekeeping troops, whom fought against various militant Islamist factions for control of the country. The violence has displaced thousands of people residing in Mogadishu, the nation's capital. 1,739 people in total were killed between 1 January 2009 until 1 January 2010.^[40]

Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–present) - an ongoing conflict in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The conflict was caused due to the tensions between the foreign oil corporations and a number of the Niger Delta's minority ethnic groups who felt they were being exploited, particularly the Ogoni and the Ijaw. The competition for oil wealth has led to an endless violence cycle between innumerable ethnic groups, causing the militarization of nearly the entire region which was occupied by militia groups as well as Nigerian military and the forces of the Nigerian Police.

Civil war in Chad (2005–present) - involved Chadian government forces and several Chadian rebel groups. The Government of Chad estimated in January 2006 that 614 Chadian citizens had been killed in cross-border raids.^[41] The fighting still continues despite several attempts to reach agreements.

Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) - Algeria has been the subject of an Islamic insurgency since 2002 waged by the Sunni Islamic Jihadist militant group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). GSPC allied itself with the Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb against the Algerian government. The conflict has since spread to other neighboring countries.

Coups

Terrorist attacks

The most prominent terrorist attacks committed against civilian population during the decade include:

2010 Moscow Metro bombings (40 killed)
10 May 2010 Iraq attacks (100+ killed)

Nuclear threats

Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the Western world due to suspicions that Iran could divert the civilian nuclear technology to a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran on select companies linked to this program, thus furthering its economic isolation on the international scene. The U.S. Director of National Intelligence said in February 2009 that Iran would not realistically be able to a get a nuclear weapon until 2013, if it chose to develop one.^[42]

President Obama and Russia sign a treaty to cut nuclear weapons in either nation in Prague in April 2010, a week later Obama hosts a Nuclear Security Summit where the attending nations decides to lock onto their nuclear arms, to make sure no terrorists get hands on these weapons of mass destruction, also South Korea was selected to hold the second Nuclear Security Summit in 2012.

Political events

President Obama and White House Staff react to the US House of Representatives passing the health care reform bill on 21 March 2010.

The prominent political events of the decade so far include:

Americas

January 2010 - A trial determining the constitutionality of same-sex marriage in the United States is held in California.^[43]

The Obama administration's efforts to implement health care reform in the United States lead eventually to the House of Representatives voting in favor of enacting the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March 2010.

Europe

May 2010 - The UK General election saw former Labour Prime Minister Gordon Brown lose the election. However, no political gained an "overall" majority in Parliament, leading to talks for over a week between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats. Eventually Nick Clegg, leader of the Liberal Democrats, consulted his party, and by their majority vote, agreed to work with the Conservatives, forming the first coalition Government in the UK since 1974. Two of the main policies agreed on was the Liberals getting electoral reform and the Conservatives allowed to introduce "major" spending cuts in government sectors. Conservative Party leader David Cameron became installed as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, with Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg becoming the UK's first Liberal Democrat Deputy Prime Minister.

Oceania

June 24th - Julia Gillard succeeds Kevin Rudd as the Prime Minister of Australia, thus becoming Australia's 27th and first female Prime Minister.

Disasters

The most prominent disasters of the decade so far include:

Non-natural disasters

The wreckage site of the Polish Air Force Tu-154 near Smolensk

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill as seen from space by NASA's Terra satellite on May 24, 2010

On January 25, 2010, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 crashes into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after take-off from Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport, killing all 90 people on-board.
On April 10, 2010, Polish President Lech Kaczyński his wife and 94 other people, including dozens of government officials are killed in a plane crash.
On April 20, 2010 an explosion on BP's Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig, operating in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, left eleven crewmen dead and resulted in a fire that sank the rig and caused a massive-scale oil spill ^[44] that became the worst environmental disaster in United States history.^[45] On June 18, 2010 oceanographer John Kessler said that the crude gushing from the well contains 40 percent methane, compared to about 5 percent found in typical oil deposits. Methane is a natural gas that could potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is so depleted that nothing lives. "This is the most vigorous methane eruption in modern human history," Kessler said.^[46] On June 20 an internal BP document was released by Congress revealing that BP estimated the flow could be as much as 100,000 barrels (4,200,000 US gallons; 16,000 cubic metres) per day under the circumstances that existed since the April 20 blowout.^[47]^[48] On July 15 2010, The BP Oil Spill is stopped for the first time, 86 days after oil started leaking into the Gulf of Mexico.
On May 12, 2010 Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771 crashes at runway at Tripoli International Airport in Libya, killing 103 of 104 on board. ^[49]
On May 22, 2010 Air India Express Flight 812 overshoots the runway at Mangalore International Airport in India, killing 158 and leaving 8 survivors.^[50]
On July 28, 2010 a Pakistan Airblue Flight 202 en route from Karachi to Islamabad crashes in the Margalla Hills near Islamabad killing all 152 aboard.

Natural disasters

The ash plume from the volcano beneath the Eyjafjallajökull ice cap, over the North Atlantic as seen from space by NASA's Aqua satellite on April 17, 2010

Damage in downtown Port-au-Prince, 13 January 2010

On January 12, 2010 a 7.0 magnitude earthquake hits Haiti, causing widespread destruction in Port-au-Prince. Haitian authorities currently believe that the disaster killed between 200,000 and 250,000 people.^[51] Over 2 million people were affected and over 3 million in need of emergency aid.

On February 27, 2010 an 8.8 magnitude earthquake occurs in Chile, triggering a tsunami over the Pacific and killing 497.^[52] One of the largest earthquakes in recorded history, this rare megathrust earthquake probably shifts Earth's axis and slightly shortens its days.^[53]^[54]

On April 14, 2010 a 6.9 magnitude earthquake occurs in western China, killing at least 2,200 and injuring more than 12,000.^[55]^[56]

A series of major volcanic events occur at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland in April 2010. The eruptions led to widespread disruption of air travel across Europe grounding planes and affecting the travel plans of millions of passengers worldwide. This caused a knock-on effect to many events around the world. Scientists began recording volcanic activity there in 2009 which increased through March 2010 culminating in the second phase eruption in April 2010. It is considered the largest air traffic shut-down since World War II.^[57] The International Air Transport Association (IATA) estimated that the airline industry worldwide would lose €148 million (US$200 million, GB£130 million) a day during the disruption.^[58]

2010 Pakistan floods - Began in July 2010 after record heavy monsoon rains. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan was worst affected. At least 1,600 people were killed, thousands were rendered homeless, and more than thirteen million people were affected.^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62]^[63] Estimates from rescue service officials suggest the death toll may reach 3,000 victims.^[64]

Economics

2010 European sovereign debt crisis - In early 2010, the Greek government admitted that it was having difficulties servicing its large sovereign debt. Speculation abounded that it would be unable to make required bond payments due in 2010. causing the Euro to drop in value versus the US dollar and pushing the Greek/German yield spread to almost 4%.

Society

The Baby Boom Generation will reach retirement age in North America, Europe and Australia during the 2010s. The estimated unprecedented number of people who will start using their social security funds is expected to burden the government budgets of the Western world.^[65]^[66]

According to UN estimates, the world population is expected to reach around 7.5 billion people by the end of the decade, representing a significant slowdown in growth. In Europe and Japan, the population is projected to decline during the decade. The United States is projected to see more people of European and Asian decent, while African Americans are expected to decline. ^[67]

Science and technology

Science

The first collisions of CERN's Large Hadron Collider took place on March 31, 2010.

The Large Hadron Collider's first high power collisions took place in March 2010.
Scientists announced in May 2010 that they had developed a form of synthetic life.
Solar aircraft became increasingly popular during the decade spearheaded by the Solar Impulse Project and QinetiQ Zephyr in 2010.
NASA will launch the James Webb Space Telescope as early as 2014 and replace the Hubble Space Telescope.^[68]
NASA's New Horizons probe will reach Pluto in 2015, completing its main mission, and continuing into the Kuiper Belt.
Both the International Linear Collider and ITER may be completed during the latter half of the decade.
The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report is scheduled to appear in 2014.^[69]

Technology

IPv6 has to be deployed around the world, as the unallocated IPv4 address pool is projected to be exhausted by 2011.^[70]
Supercomputers are projected to reach exaflop scale in 2019.^[71]
At the beginning of 2010 about 1.75 billion people in the world were Internet users.
One billion mobile broadband users predicted by sometime in 2010, and 4.6 billion people worldwide were subscribed to mobile phones.^[72]
The Gotthard Base Tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel, will be completed in 2017 or 2018.
In 2012, the Kyoto Agreement in its current form will expire.

Popular culture

Film

The 3D science fiction film Avatar (released in December 2009) becomes the highest-grossing film of all time, surpassing the 1997 film, Titanic in early January 2010.^[73]^[74]^[75]

Kathryn Bigelow became the first female to receive the Academy Award for Best Director.

In 2010 Toy Story 3 became the fist animated film in history to gross more than one billion dollars worldwide.

Music

On January 31, 2010 Beyoncé Knowles won 6 Grammy Awards, breaking the record for most Grammy awards won by a female artist in one night
On January 9, 2010 Janet Jackson became the first female artist to have #1 singles in 4 consecutive decades with her single "Make Me"

Architecture

The Burj Khalifa became the world's tallest building when completed in 2010.

Burj Khalifa becomes the tallest man-made structure ever built (standing at 828 m) after it officially opened on January 4, 2010.
One World Trade Center, an environmentally integrated structure^[76] which is set to become the tallest building in the United States, is expected to open in April 2013.^[77]

Sports

Notable sporting events to be held in the 2010s:

2010 FIFA World Cup was held in South Africa
2010 Commonwealth Games to be held in New Delhi, India
2010 Summer Youth Olympics to be held in Singapore
2010 Asian Games to be held in Guangzhou, China.
2010 Winter Olympics were held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2010 Winter Paralympics were held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2011 Cricket World Cup to be held in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
2011 Pan American Games to be held in Guadalajara, Mexico.
2011 Rugby World Cup to be held in New Zealand
2012 Summer Olympics to be held in London, England, United Kingdom
2012 Summer Paralympics to be held in London, England, United Kingdom
2012 Winter Youth Olympics to be held in Innsbruck, Austria
2013 Rugby League World Cup to be held in England, United Kingdom
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup to be held in Brazil
2014 FIFA World Cup to be held in Brazil
2014 Winter Olympics to be held in Sochi, Russia
2014 Winter Paralympics to be held in Sochi, Russia
2014 Summer Youth Olympics scheduled, location to be announced in February 2010
2014 Commonwealth Games to be held in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
2015 Cricket World Cup to be held in Australia and New Zealand
2015 Pan American Games to be held in Toronto, Canada.
2015 Rugby World Cup to be held in England, United Kingdom
2016 Summer Olympics to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2016 Summer Paralympics to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2016 Winter Youth Olympics scheduled, location to be announced in February 2010
2018 FIFA World Cup scheduled, location to be announced in December 2010
2018 Winter Olympics scheduled, location to be announced in 2011
2018 Winter Paralympics scheduled, location to be announced in 2011
2018 Summer Youth Olympics scheduled, location to be announced.
2019 Cricket World Cup to be held in England and Wales, United Kingdom
2019 Rugby World Cup to be held in Japan.

Video gaming

Nintendo is set to release the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the immensely popular Nintendo DS line of handhelds.^[78]

References

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↑ allafrica More Than 1,700 Killed in Clashes in 2009, 1 January 2010
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↑ California gay marriage trial moves to a close
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